The Modern Mathematics of Deep Learningexplained for non-mathematicians

Weighted function error

Penguin learning project

The project uses 342 complete Palmer penguin records: 240 training-pool and 102 held-out rows. The selected training rows determine feature scaling and model parameters. Source CSV

This project trains weights with softmax, unlike the homepage lab, which uses nearest species averages. Same penguin measurements; different classification methods. Predictions can differ.

Norms and distances · Measure size or difference in a specified space.

Project vectors have two features; the training matrix has n rows and two columns. Mathematical tools may operate on these values when their assumptions apply.

Consider this concept alongside the project; its source assumptions may differ. These observations do not prove a theorem.

Input: 12 × 2; Held-out evaluation: 102 · #58 · 40.6 mm, 193 mm. Known answer: Adélie; Prediction: Adélie · [≈0.7383, ≈0.2444, ≈0.01737].

Used in these source sections: 3.1 A rule based on distance

The measure μ specifies how function errors are weighted when taking an L² norm.

Changing a measure changes how errors at different inputs contribute.

Source formula example

μ\mu

illustration · This finite probability measure illustrates the integral; it does not reproduce the source’s particular measure.

Symbols

μμ
The measure used to weight the function error.

Source formula example

This source example uses its own inputs and assumptions. Editing it does not change the project.

Edit a value or the code, then run the example. This is a finite demonstration, not a proof of the paper’s theorem.

This example’s data flow

Initial values in code

  • errors = [1, 2]
  • weights = [0.25, 0.75]

Calculated here

Result expression: { errors, weights, squaredError: errors.reduce((s, e, i) => s + weights[i] * e * e, 0), }

Returns

Example result
errors
array (2 items): [1, 2]
weights
array (2 items): [0.25, 0.75]
squaredError
3.25

Read numbers from input and return the result. JavaScript basics.

Result

Enable JavaScript to run this example.

Technical statement

The numerical values are invented. This finite probability measure illustrates the integral; it does not reproduce the source’s particular measure.

Source: Inline notation