The Modern Mathematics of Deep Learning

Convex combination weights

Penguin learning project

The project uses 342 complete Palmer penguin records: 240 training-pool and 102 held-out rows. The selected training rows determine feature scaling and model parameters. Source CSV

This project trains weights with softmax, unlike the homepage lab, which uses nearest species averages. Same penguin measurements; different classification methods. Predictions can differ.

Model classes and structure · Describe families of rules, their size and structural properties.

The project supplies finite observations and fitted parameters. A held-out sample does not establish population bounds or prove a theorem.

Consider this concept alongside the project; its source assumptions may differ. These observations do not prove a theorem.

Input: 12 × 2; Held-out evaluation: 102 · #58 · 40.6 mm, 193 mm. Known answer: Adélie; Prediction: Adélie · [≈0.7383, ≈0.2444, ≈0.01737].

Used in these source sections: 6.5 Removing connections

Each coefficient is between zero and one, and the coefficients sum to one.

Such weights define a convex combination.

Source formula example

c\in[0,1]^{n}

illustration · For nonnegative entries the 1-norm equals their sum.

Symbols

$c$: A real n-entry coefficient vector.
$\Vert c\Vert ₁$: The sum of absolute values of its entries.
$n$: A positive integer.

Source formula example

This source example uses its own inputs and assumptions. Editing it does not change the project.

Edit a value or the code, then run the example. This is a finite demonstration, not a proof of the paper’s theorem.

This example’s data flow

Initial values in code

c = [0.25, 0.75]

Calculated here

Result expression: { c, sum: c.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0), valid: c.every((x) => x >= 0 && x <= 1) && c.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) === 1, }

Returns

Example result

c: array (2 items): [0.25, 0.75]
sum: 1
valid: true

JavaScript

Read numbers from input and return the result. JavaScript basics.

Result

Enable JavaScript to run this example.

Technical statement

The numerical values are invented. For nonnegative entries the 1-norm equals their sum.

Source: Inline notation