The Modern Mathematics of Deep Learningexplained for non-mathematicians

Translation and Fourier magnitude

Penguin learning project

The project uses 342 complete Palmer penguin records: 240 training-pool and 102 held-out rows. The selected training rows determine feature scaling and model parameters. Source CSV

This project trains weights with softmax, unlike the homepage lab, which uses nearest species averages. Same penguin measurements; different classification methods. Predictions can differ.

Signal transformations · Study signal transforms, scattering and their properties.

The project scales bill and flipper measurements using training-row means and scales; its feature vector has two entries.

Consider this concept alongside the project; its source assumptions may differ. These observations do not prove a theorem.

Input: 12 × 2; Held-out evaluation: 102 · #58 · 40.6 mm, 193 mm. Known answer: Adélie; Prediction: Adélie · [≈0.7383, ≈0.2444, ≈0.01737].

Used in these source sections: 7.1 Features that stay steady

The source explains that a translation changes Fourier phase but not its magnitude. This example uses a finite circular sequence and one discrete frequency.

An unchanged feature can ignore a change of position.

Source formula example

∣u(⋅−τ)^(ω)∣=∣u^(ω)∣\left|\widehat{u(\cdot-\tau)}(\omega)\right|=\left|\hat u(\omega)\right|

illustration · A finite circular discrete transform illustrates one frequency. The source statement concerns Fourier transforms of functions on real space; this example is not a proof.

Source formula example

This source example uses its own inputs and assumptions. Editing it does not change the project.

Edit a value or the code, then run the example. This is a finite demonstration, not a proof of the paper’s theorem.

This example’s data flow

You choose

  • input.shift = 1

Initial values in code

  • values = [1, 2, 0, 0]

Calculated here

Result expression: { originalMagnitude: magnitude(values), shiftedMagnitude: magnitude(moved) }

  • shift = input.shift Uses: input.shift
  • moved = values.map((_, i) => values[(i - shift + values.length) % values.length]) Uses: values, shift

Returns

Example result
originalMagnitude
≈2.236
shiftedMagnitude
≈2.236

Read numbers from input and return the result. JavaScript basics.

Result

Enable JavaScript to run this example.

Technical statement

Change the input and run the same code again. The displayed result uses the values shown above.

Source: Fourier modulus